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THE MELBOURNE WIRELESS ROUTER PROJECT
* Other MWRP Pages In This Wiki [1]
* AIM [2]
* Hardware Specifications [3]
* Router - Linksys WRT54GS [4]
* Access Point - Senao 2611-CB3-Plus Deluxe [5]
* Waterproof Enclosure - Hammond 1590WFFL [6]
* Cable - Outdoor 10-pair [7]
* Sunshade [8]
* Software Development [9]
* Development Priorities [10]
* Comments [11]
* DNA\'s Extended Comments [12]
* Hardware: [13]
* Software: [14]
This page details a localised version of the FreeNet Router Project
[15]
A hardware design page now exists: MWRPHardwareDesign [16]
It contains constructon drawings, data sheets, photos and design
comments and discussion.
OTHER MWRP PAGES IN THIS WIKI
* MWRPAdhocFrottleDev [17]
* MWRPAdhocFrottleFlowcharts [18]
* MWRPFirewall [19]
* MWRPFrottleDevDiscussion [20]
* MWRPFrottleExplained [21]
* MWRPHardwareDesign [22]
* MWRPHotspot [23]
* MWRPInstallingFrottle [24]
* MWRPSoftware [25]
Please prefix the title of all MWRP-related pages with MWRP.
AIM
resume writing [26]
To design and facilitate the production of a user-friendly, cheap,
mass-producable dual-radio outdoor wireless router for use in the
Melbourne Wireless network.
This project will be an ongoing development of the router's Hardware
and Software components. The hardware should consist of cheap,
off-the-shelf components that do not need to be extensively modified -
to facilitate ease of mass-production. The software should be designed
with user-friendlieness in mind - but not try to add too many features
at each release.
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
As in the FreeNet Router Project [27], this project specifies a
dual-radio device. This consists of a wireless router connected to an
Access Point, all housed in a waterproof enclosure.
ROUTER - LINKSYS WRT54GS
The Linksys WRT54GS was the ideal wireless router for this project -
combining a wireless client/AP-capable radio with a VLAN-capable
5-port ethernet switch all controlled via embedded Linux distribution.
NOTE: Newer Linksys WRT54's are based on different hardware and will
not run proper routing software.
I am removing the PCB-mount RP-TNC connector with a coax crimped to
it from the circuit board and mounting directly though a hole in the
enclosure. This reduces cost by not needing a separate pigtail to get
the connector outside. The WRT54GS' Internet (or WAN) Ethernet port
will be directly connected to the AP.
Several third-party firmware projects exist for the WRT54G family,
this project prefers OpenWRT [28] for it's modularity and openness.
_There was a discussion here about the various aspects of the WRT54G
family, which has now been moved to the WRT54G [29] page._
COST: APPROX. $150
This was the price per-unit in a recent bulk-buy. However, eBay
sellers are now asking $150 per unit in individual purchases so
bulk-buys may be even cheaper.
ACCESS POINT - SENAO 2611-CB3-PLUS DELUXE
A powerful 200mW transmit power with -95dB receive sensitivity and
low cost are features that make this AP the choice for the second
radio in the box.
This unit comes with a MMCX-RPTNC pigtail. I would retain this
pigtail and mount the RP-TNC connector through the wall of the
enclosure to the outside.
There is one slight problem with using a WRT54G(S) with a Senao AP -
they both default to IP address 192.168.1.1. This is not such a huge
problem when you plug the AP into the WRT54GS' Internet port because
it is unconfigured when the WRT54GS is set to factory defaults.
2005/02/08 - DNA: Has anyone opened up one of these? Is the CB3-Plus
like the AP1-Plus ( internal photos [30] )in that it is a SBC with a
Cardbus radio? What benefit would there be to having a second AP
device vs. having a SBC with multiple radios?
2005/02/08 - DANFLETT [31] : A Single Board Computer with two radios
is definitely a better option from a technical standpoint. You get
much more control over the second radio if it is directly connected to
the CPU via the PCI bus rather than via Ethernet. But I don't know of
any cheap, widely available devices that fit this bill. You need to
look at the overall cost of all components in the box when you are
considering these options.
I've got a couple of CB3-Plus units. It is almost identical to the
AP3-plus, but supports standard PoE [32] internally, and it has
detachable antenna (RP-TNC). I've not seen much info about the
2511-AP1-plus - there's no info about it on the Senao website, but
it's probably similar the NL-2511SR-PLUS-a [33]. The circuit board
looks bigger than the AP3 and CB3 though. To date I know of no-one who
has successfully hacked the CB3 and gotten a look inside it's OS, if
it has one.
I got the CB3-Plus and AP3-Plus info here [34] and buy college papers
[35] here.
This site has some good photos of the circuit boards. It also has
some good info about AP3/CB3-like jtag software and programming
manuals. Some food for thought for anyone who is contemplating hacking
one of these units.
The SeattleWireless [36] SenaoCard [37] page mentions the CB3 and
AP3.
From playing around with the CB3-Plus it seems to only support AP
mode and a "client bridge" mode which seems similar to IBSS mode. I
haven't been able to get it to act as a client to another AP - but
there seems to be a "site survey" page that I can't quite get to work.
I really only intend to use the CB3-Plus as an AP, but I will enquire
further about this.
2005/02/11 - DNA: What about a Minitar MNWAPB as an alternative AP
here. not as powerful but cheaper & smaller. If the AP is running
unmodified then this should be an a viable alternative. The only
prices I have seen for the Senao are over $200 vs. the $80 for the
Minitar.
WATERPROOF ENCLOSURE - HAMMOND 1590WFFL
* A diecast-aluminium watertight box, with flanged lid
* Length: 188mm, Width: 188mm, Depth 63mm
* http://www.hammondmfg.com/dwgw_FL.htm
The size is adequate to fit a WRT54GS circuit board plus at least one
other AP circuit board.
I'm drilling holes in the flanged bits for two 1/4"-thread U-bolts
from Radio Parts. I am using a metal case to allow possible
heatsinking of the AP and Routers' heat-producing components to the
air outside the enclosure. I am mounting the AP and Router on nylon
stand-offs "upside down" with their components facing the outside wall
of the enclosure. roof paint [38]
COST: APPROX. $38
This is the price for a single unit when ordered from Supplytronics,
Rowville, VIC. Reports are that they can be obtained for much cheaper
from Down East Microwave [39] in the US. This needs to be
investigated.
CABLE - OUTDOOR 10-PAIR
* 25 metres of General Cable outdoor 10-pair [40] - connected
directly into box via a cable gland
* Model# E501
I know that 10-pair isn't rated for 100mbps Ethernet. However, I have
tested 100mbps Ethernet over 50m of 10-pair and it works. Further
testing will determine how far this can be extended with a real Cat-5
cable.
The other pairs in the cable will be used for the AP and Routers'
reset buttons, separate power feeds to the AP and Router, and possibly
a status LED from the Router. The aim is to be able to use the AP and
Router's own manufacturer-supplied power-packs, to reduce cost.
Pair usage in the 10-pair:
* Ethernet TX
* Ethernet RX
* AP power positive
* AP power negative
* Router power positive
* Router power negative
* AP reset button
* Router Reset Button
* SPARE - Power, AP power LED or another Ethernet TX
* SPARE - Power, Router DMZ LED or another Ethernet RX or Serial
(using add-on Serial Port)
The idea of using 25 metres of 10-pair is to just get the cables from
where the is router on the mast to inside the house and get the
connectors out of the weather. In most situations 25 metres should
reach the node-owner's internal LAN switch, or directly to their
desktop PC. If 25 metres is too short for this then the the network
cable can be extended with Cat-5. The power connectors and reset
buttons don't need to be near the PC or LAN switch, it just needs to
be possible to get power to them with a neat indoor cable run.
COST: $1.80 PER METRE
This is the price for 50m from Ideal Electrical Suppliers in South
Melbourne.
2005/02/07 - CRC SAYS: Hmmm - I thought ethernet used 4 wires total?
what about the twisting in ethernet cables to combat noise and
crosstalk between pairs?
_2005/02/08 - Tyson says:_' Why not just use 2 runs of Cat5? It would
probably be about the same cost per metre, but gives you another 6
pairs to play with (2x8 pair = 16 pair). More importantly, power would
be separated from data so noise and crosstalk would be less of an
issue, and the data line would be a regular non-POE lead too (RJ-45).
Just don't use an RJ-45 on the power line to avoid confusion.
2005/02/08 - DANFLETT [41] : 100BaseT over Cat 5 does indeed use 4
wires = 2 pairs. A Cat-5 cable has 4 pairs, which is 8 _wires_. A
10-pair cable has 20 _wires_. Cat 5 is rated at 100MHz which is what
is required by 100BaseT over long distances. Over short distances, you
can get away with telecom cable which has a lower twist ratio. I've
tested this, and it works. It's a kludge, sure. These are the
engineering compromises you make when trying to make things cheap and
simple. I've thought long and hard about this, and decided 10-pair was
the way to go because I need the extra conductors for the reset
buttons and power. If anyone knows of some cheap, outdoor 8, 10 or
12-pair cable with Cat-5 or Cat-6 specs, I'd love to hear about it.
As for crosstalk from the power lines, I wouldn't expect that DC
would cause much crosstalk. No-one has complained that the WRT54G or
Senao power supplies cause interference in their TV that I know of. If
they cause a high-frequency AC ripple on the DC rail they might cause
crosstalk, but this is yet to be seen. I'm confident that using
10-pair, whilst not the pinnacle of engineering good practice, is
adequate for the task of running 100mbps Ethernet 25 metres. The power
sockets would be in-line 2.1mm DC sockets, so no need for an
"injector" adaptor box, and no confusion about which cable does what.
I have considered other designs - such as two or three separate Cat-5
runs from the box to the house - but this would require drilling two
or three holes and two or three cable glands. I think this would be a
rather messy, ugly setup, and more expensive than using 10-pair.
Installing the extra cable-glands is more labor-intensive and more
holes means more vulnerability to water penetration. I want the box to
be easily mass-producable. Adding extra cable runs makes the task that
much harder. Two runs of Cat-5 gives you just enough pairs for a
single ethernet connection, power and reset buttons. I would like to
bring the power and DMZ LEDs down as well to make flashing firmware
and general status info easier to determine.
You could use a single Cat-5, but then you wouldn't have the reset
buttons down in the house - you'd have to put them up on the box. Then
you have to worry about waterproofing the buttons. Also, you only have
two spare pairs for powering two devices - I want to be able to use
the power supplies that come with the router and AP, but these
probably aren't up to the job if you just use two instead of four
pairs. If people want the extra expense of 48-volt POE adaptors at
both ends, customised versions could be made for those who demand real
Cat-5. Real Cat-5 introduces the possibility of a detachable,
waterproof RJ45 connector on the box, but again, this is more costly
still.
2005/02/08 - UPDATE - DANFLETT [42] SAYS: Another thing: the WRT54GS'
switch can be set to operate in 10mbps mode. I can't see a compelling
reason why it has to be used in 100mbps mode - it's not acting as a
file server, and 802.11b will never get near 10mbps. 10mbps is a lot
more tolerant of non-spec cable. So if there is a major problem with
100mbps you can always fall back to 10mbps. And if people really
really don't like telecom cable, and are having troubles with it, then
yes, I'll probably use two or three Cat-5 cables. But I think the
10-pair should be given a go first.
2005/02/08 - CRC SAYS: Whoops. I was thinking 10 wires, not 10 PAIR.
Thinking about costs, I know it would be a little more expensive, but
would it be worthwhile putting up a single voltage (say 2-3v above the
max voltage required), and regulate the power in the box for several
units. I don't know how the DC up the entire unit would cope over time
and exposure to the elements. We know that things like battery
terminals go crusty - and it's always the negative wire. Throwing AC
up the line would resolve this, but require maybe $10-$15 of extra
components to break out from say 14ACv -> 12v and 5v via cheap $1
regulators and a diode rectifier...
2005/02/08 - DANFLETT [43] SAYS: Another good feature of the
WRT54G/GS - all models post WRT54G version 1.0 feature a switchmode
DC-DC converter on the power input. It is the AC1501-33 [44] and can
accept an input of between 5V and 40V. It converts the input voltage
to the board voltage of 3.3V, with 73% efficiency across the whole
input voltage range. Meaning it gets the same temprature if you feed
it with 5V, 12V, or 40V. This makes it ideal for a PoE [45] situation
- you can have a large voltage drop in the cable and it will still
work. The input capacitors are rated to 25v, so don't feed it with
40V. A custom essay papers [46]and custom writing [47] on the WRT54G's
power requirements points out that these capicitors will derate with
time under higher-than-usual tempratures to about 18V - so feeding the
unit with 24VDC isn't a good idea either. In any case, not much
modding is required for the power supply.
-
-Another good page on the WRT54G power requirements is in the
PersonalTelco wiki [48].
-
-As mentioned elsewhere on this page, the Senao CB3-Plus supports PoE
[49] natively, and can handle a very large input voltage range. It too
has a switchmode DC-DC converter as its input regulator.
-
-As for green scum on the connectors - the General Cables outdoor
10-pair cable has a UV-stabilised outer jacket and is gel-filled. The
wires themselves are also insulated. When installed there should be no
parts of the power cabling or connections that are exposed to the
elements - so I don't see that green scum will form anywhere.
SUNSHADE
A jacket made from corrugated plastic - known as Polypropylene Flute
Board - as suggested by Tim Hogard. I will make a prototype from
cardboard and see how strong it is. I will fold a sheet of it - wider
than the enclosure - over the top of the enclosure and leave the sides
open. The sunshade will also help to make the enclosure more
waterproof and keep rain off the RF connectors underneath.
This is a lower-priority development - according to Ben Grech his
WRT54G and Senao AP in use at NodeGPR [50] have worked flawlessly in
extreme weather conditions.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
A very incremental development path should be followed - start
simple, iron out the bugs, add a new feature and repeat. Whilst the
overall aim will be to create a fully-featured router along the design
specified in the FreeNet Router Project [51], it cannot be expected
that this goal can be reached upon the first release of the software.
DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
* Hardware
* Before software development can begin in earnest, there needs to be
at least a few examples of the hardware floating around.
* Software - WRT54GS package development
* Basic package that installs and configures these packages: quagga,
wl, dropbear, ip, frottle, chillispot, interface-wrt.
* Firewall/NAT script suitable for two public wireless interfaces
and one private wired-LAN interface
* Basic web-interface - network interfaces, wireless setup. Based on
either the interface-wrt OpenWRT [52] package or the freifunk-webadmin
component of the excellent German Freifunk Firmware [53] project for
OpenWRT [54]
* DHCP client and DHCP server settings
* Firewall/NAT web-interface
* Routing (Quagga) web-interface
* Captive-portal web-interface
* Automatic activiation of Frottle on wireless interfaces - Frottle
mode (master, client) corresponding to wireless mode selected (AP,
client)
COMMENTS
2005/02/07 - CRC SAYS: I don't think frottle is required. As some of
the WRT54GS' can be setup to have multiple VLANs across the switch, it
may be ideal as a local access/router in a box with Senao doing the
back hauls. It would then be possible to route effectively between the
VLANs on the WRT and have a fully routed setup. I was working on a
custom web interface that would include quagga configuration, until my
wrt54gs died (yet again), so the future of that is as yet unknown.
2005/02/08 - DANFLETT [55] SAYS: Frottle certainly does no harm if
you set it up in Master mode behind an AP. If AP clients don't run the
Frottle client they will simply bypass the Frottle Master. So you're
no worse-off if you run Frottle Master than if you hadn't. Once you
have a few permanent, fixed-location routing clients carrying a lot of
traffic, you'll want to encourage them all to run Frottle Client mode.
At this point you'll probably be seeing hidden-node issues and you'll
want to stop casual, non-frottle users from accessing that AP. If you
still want to allow casual clients, then set up another AP just for
them. I recently visited Perth and connected to the WAFreeNet. Almost
all of their routing APs run Frottle. I saw firsthand how well the
network runs when Frottle is in widespread use. Not every AP needs to
run it - just the ones that have a lot of permanent connections.
Frottle does a great job of allowing an AP to accept a lot of client
connections without hidden-node problems.
VLANs will not help defeat the hidden-node issue. No matter how many
virtual network interfaces a wireless radio has, it still is only one
radio, and all traffic traverses it. That means traffic from any and
all VLANs behind the radio can and will collide when hidden-node
conditions occur. Frottle is a layer 3 and 4 solution to a layer 2
problem. As the Frottle authors themselves admit, it's a kludge. But
it's free, and it works. The only way you could use VLANs in this
instance would be to use one VLAN per switch port and connect a radio
to each port - one radio per point-to-point link, as required. This is
an ideal solution, but unfortunately very expensive. If you were
willing to go to this expense then you're probably better-off not
using a WRT54GS anyway - you'd probably want to go straight to a
Soekeris or PC-Engines WRAP board for your node, and add miniPCI
and/or CardBus [56] radios to it.
The WRT54GS solution as laid-out here is to design, above other
considerations, a cheap routing node, so that more people can buy them
and put them up - people who aren't wireless fanatics like you and me.
There are better ways to do this, but as far as I can tell, not
cheaper ways.
As far as the Senao doing the back-hauls - do you need a 200mW (23dB)
radio plugged into a directional antenna? If you use the WRT54GS'
internal radio - which, unhacked, is 30mW (15dB). Combined with a 19dB
antenna you get 34dB - quite adequate for a backhaul. Using the Senao
as an AP you would plug it's 23dB radio into an 8dB omni and get 31dB
transmit power. Quite adequate for an AP, but not too powerful to
swamp everyone else. The Senao's good receive sensitivity means it can
'hear' the clients better, too.
2005/02/08 - DANFLETT [57] SAYS: As it happens, when you run Frottle
you do need to slice your AP's subnet up into /30 addresses. This
means the interface behind the AP (or the AP interface itself, if it
is a radio directly conencted to the board), needs an alias address in
every /30 subnet. For Frottle to work you need to stop AP clients from
directly communicating via the ethernet layer, and force them to send
all traffic via the router running Frottle. This might actually be a
problem with the Senao CB3-plus AP - I'm not sure if it supports
client isolation. If a client has it's DHCP-assigned netmask set to a
/30, should that stop it from directly communicating with another
client of the same AP, even if the AP's address has a netmask of /28?
Could fiddling with DHCP-assigned broadcast addresses fix this? This
particular issue only affects traffic between clients of the same AP -
Frottle will still be effective for traffic involving destinations
further away in the network.
2005/02/08 - DNA SAYS: I have been thinking about this type of Node
for a while also. I have done a build for OPENWRT, anyone else here
building it? From looking through the Makefile it seems relatively
easy to move a package into the distribution and to add a package.
This may mean we can have a single install without having to add
packages once it has been flashed.
2005/02/08 - FENN SAYS: ChilliSpot [58] (www.chillispot.org) is an
excellent, opensource, tiny captive portal that can run on WRT54Gs. It
also implements a bunch of very handy features natively/efficiently,
ie: per-user rate limiting.
2005/02/08 DANFLETT [59] SAYS: Yes, I mention ChilliSpot [60] on the
FreeNet Router Project [61] page over on the FreeNetworks [62] site. I
haven't used it, but it comes highly recommended.
DNA\'S EXTENDED COMMENTS
HARDWARE:
Initially I was thinking along the lines outlined here, 2 or 3 AP's.
After spending some time building firmware for both the WRT54G and the
Minitar MNWAPB I started to realize that the advantage of the WRT is
not the radio interface but the capability to set up routing how you
want it. To build a higher order node (one with more than one radio)
you need to be able to control the routing between interfaces. A
hackable AP (like the WRT) is a great start, however, It starts to get
messy, there are now multiple devices you need to configure and worst
of all multiple custom firmware that needs to be managed.
My current thinking is to use slightly more extensible AP's than the
ones we are looking at now. This is like a cheaper alternative to the
Soekris or Wrap based.
AN EXAMPLE: The Minitar MNWAPB uses a Realtek chip RTL8181 [63]. In
the Minitar it is kind of limited in it's use ( the chip package
doesn't bring out the PCI bus). but there is a version as used in this
device: Cameo [64] that exposes the PCI bus and would support the
addition of a second radio as a PCI card.
A SECOND EXAMPLE: Some AP's on the market that do not have embeded
radio devices but are System on chip devices that combine ethernet
switches and processors KS8695P [65]. With something based on this
procesor you can have 3 PCI/Cardbus devices.
The Soekris/Wrap devices look really cool but are just too pricy for
really widespread use here.
The question is if we came up with a single box, multiple radio "kit"
would there be enough interest to get a custom order filled by an AP
vendor? (20, 50, 100?)
2005/02/08 DANFLETT [66] SAYS: _I would love to see a better hardware
platform than a WRT54GS. There are quite a few drawbacks to the
WRT54GS + Senao AP system, as you've pointed out. But the
consideration I have above all others is that it's the cheapest
method. If you can find cheaper linux box with a useful amount of
memory and a radio I certainly want to know about it. Another imortant
consideration is support: There are heaps of people worldwide who are
hacking away and developing for the WRT54GS. How many people are doing
the same for the Cameo and KS8695P devices you describe? How
widespread are these devices? How easy are they to buy? The might be
great devices - I just don't know becuase I know of no projects based
on them. I also don't know how much they cost or where to buy them, or
how long they will be available. WRT54GS's are tried and tested.
People have their own individual problems with them but that doesn't
invalidate them as a usable platform. Any problems you have with them
will likely have been encountered by someone else, and you can scour
the OpenWRT [67] and Sveasoft forums and find a solution._
_Ultimately it would be good to have a common build system like
OpenEmbedded [68] working on the WRT54GS and whatever other embedded
boards we choose to use. Then development efforts on one platform can
use used on others._
Good point about the longevity and availability of the hardware. I
just found today that the RTL8181 is going to be phased out soon. So,
availability is just as important as "optimal" solution. I had a look
at the OpenEmbedded [69] build and quite frankly found it overly
complex, to the extent that I didn't want to put the time in to see
how it works. Even the OpenWRT [70] is a complicated build
environment. The initial Linksys one was a bit of a kludge but pretty
easy to add/modify.
2005/02/08 DANFLETT [71] : _You might want to check out myWRT [72] -
it makes customising OpenWRT [73] a lot easier. It uses a modified
Linksys menuconfig tool to select which packages should be installed,
and whether they should be statically compiled into the firmware, or
installed as an add-on package into the rewritable flash partition._
SOFTWARE:
You can waste a lot of time and effort trying to make a "nice" UI.
while I understand there needs to be an easy way for the non-technical
to set up a node, what is wrong with a shell script based menu that
only exposes the things that need to be changed to set up a node. This
is how LEAF (I think ) is installed and configured.
2005/02/08 DANFLETT [74] : _There are people who are deathly afraid
of the command line. You could argue that you don't want these sort of
people on the network in the first place, but we really need to aim
for the lowest common denominator if we want the network to be as
widespread as possible. A shell script requires that a user telnet
into the device. Most Windows users have never heard of telnet.
Everyone has used a web browser - the interface is intuitive and
familiar - people are afraid of the unknown. I would agree that we
need to walk before we can run though. Let's develop a shell-script
based interface first, and leave the web interface util we've gotten
the software suite working nicely._
So, maybe a derivative of the original firmware with the existing web
interface is a better choice for starters. If you look at the use of a
routing node (as compared to an AP or something you are selling that
can be used for many things) , perhaps you really want a stripped down
web interface. A single page that allows you to set the things that
need to be set. Assuming the Senao is set up as an AP and the WRT is
going to be a router and backhaul then it needs to have only some
basic configuration.
+2005/02/08 DANFLETT [75] : _I agree with this totally. Get the thing
working, don't worry about it being too generic - just make keep it as
simple as possible to make it work on the Melbourne Wireless network._
Things like QoS [76] are great to plan for but we are really still
looking at getting basic links in place, I think it would be Ok to
keep the software to a smaller set and as our network evolves update
the firmware accordingly.
2005/02/08 DANFLETT [77] : _I agree that general traffic QoS [78] can
be left until it's really needed. If by QoS [79] you mean Frottle I
would point out that Frottle is a different kind of QoS [80] app. It
exists to solve a specific hardware problem - the hidden-node problem
that plagues 802.11a/b/g with long-distance links. The hidden-node
problem impacts on the scalability of the network. If we don't use it,
the network will grow very slowly because APs will become an
unreliable way of connecting distant nodes. By using Frottle, we can
rely on APs as a single network unit that can accept connections from
a large number of nodes. Without APs we must use point-to-point links
everywhere. We certainly should use ptp links wherever we can afford
to, but in some places this is not possible - GHO for instance.
Frottle maximises the utility of APs. You'll notice that I've put the
development of a web-interface for Frottle pretty low on the priority
list. I want it to be there, but I agree it's the icing on the cake.
Lets get the rest of it working first._
Most two radio nodes will not need to worry about dynamic routing
either. They can be configured with static routes and let the upstream
(3-4 radio nodes) worry about routing cash advance loans [81].
2005/02/08 DANFLETT [82] : _Again, this is a scalability issue. If we
had a network where we could neatly aggregate the routes, static
routing would be easy. Because of our unpredictable network topology,
we are going to have to accept that routing in Melbourne will involve
a separate routing table entry for each individual node. This means
that static routing will be a laborious process. Updating the routing
table will need to occur every time a new routing node appears on the
network. And we will need to keep accurate track of where the new
nodes are on the network to be able to work out how to add the new
entries. As the network grows this will happen more and more
frequently. And other network users rely on static routers to keep
their entries up to date. If we use BGP then the node-owner only needs
to update the router when another routing node connects directly to
his node - a fairly rare event from the point of view of an individual
node-owner. WAFreeNet use BGP for all their routing nodes - and an
individual AS number for each node at that. It works just fine for
them, and they tell me it's quite easy to configure._
* Custom Logo [83]
* Logo Design [84]
* Stationery Design [85]
* Brochure Design [86]
* Web Design [87]
* corporate logo [88]
* adipex online [89]
* jackets [90]
*custom essay [91]
*custom research papers [92]
*Online CNA Classes [93]
2005/02/08 DANFLETT [94] : _I see two-radio nodes as forming part of
the backbone. If all they did was accept leaf-nodes as clients then
yes, you could use static routes and make the rest of the network the
default route. But if they also accept other routing nodes as clients
- and this is going to happen - then they have to use a dynamic
routing protocol._
Links:
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[1] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#other_mwrp_pages_in_this_wiki
[2] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#aim
[3] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#hardware_specifications
[4] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#router___linksys_wrt54gs
[5]
http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#access_point___senao_2611_cb3_plus_deluxe
[6]
http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#waterproof_enclosure___hammond_1590wffl
[7] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#cable___outdoor_10_pair
[8] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#sunshade
[9] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#software_development
[10] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#development_priorities
[11] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#comments
[12] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#dna_s_extended_comments
[13] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#hardware__
[14] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/#software_
[15] http://wiki.freenetworks.org/index.cgi/FreeNetRouterProject
[16] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPHardwareDesign
[17] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPAdhocFrottleDev
[18] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPAdhocFrottleFlowcharts
[19] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPFirewall
[20] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPFrottleDevDiscussion
[21] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPFrottleExplained
[22] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPHardwareDesign
[23] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPHotspot
[24] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPInstallingFrottle
[25] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?MWRPSoftware
[26] http://www.resumewritingservice.biz/services/resume-writing/
[27] http://wiki.freenetworks.org/index.cgi/FreeNetRouterProject
[28] http://www.openwrt.org
[29] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?WRT54G
[30] http://www.sorgonet.com/network/senao2511hack/
[31] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[32] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?PoE
[33]
http://www.senao.com/english/product/driverdb/000023063/NL-2511SR-PLUS-a-Spec.pdf
[34]
http://www.guerrilla.net/reference/80211_mod/Senao_AP3_CB3/index.html
[35] http://www.bookwormlab.com/
[36] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?SeattleWireless
[37] http://www.seattlewireless.net/index.cgi/SenaoCard
[38] http://www.rawlinspaints.com/Roof-Paint/c2/index.html
[39] http://downeastmicrowave.com/
[40]
http://www.generalcable.co.nz/australia/Products/Communications/Underground_Telephone/5.1.5.2.3.1.pdf
[41] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[42] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[43] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[44]
http://www.anachip.com/downloads/datasheets/power/sw_reg/AP1501.pdf
[45] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?PoE
[46] http://www.bestessayhelp.com/
[47] http://www.professay.com/
[48] http://wiki.personaltelco.net/index.cgi/BatteryPoweredAP
[49] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?PoE
[50] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?NodeGPR
[51] http://wiki.freenetworks.org/index.cgi/FreeNetRouterProject
[52] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?OpenWRT
[53] http://ff-firmware.sourceforge.net/
[54] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?OpenWRT
[55] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[56] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?CardBus
[57] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[58] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?ChilliSpot
[59] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[60] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?ChilliSpot
[61] http://wiki.freenetworks.org/index.cgi/FreeNetRouterProject
[62] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?FreeNetworks
[63]
http://www.realtek.com.tw/products/products1-2.aspx?modelid=2003052/
[64] http://www.cameo.com.tw/products/html/wireless/wlb-2006_2007.htm/
[65] http://www.micrel.com/product-info/sys_on_chip.shtml/
[66] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[67] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?OpenWRT
[68] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?OpenEmbedded
[69] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?OpenEmbedded
[70] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?OpenWRT
[71] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[72] http://openwrt.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=922
[73] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?OpenWRT
[74] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[75] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[76] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?QoS
[77] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[78] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?QoS
[79] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?QoS
[80] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?QoS
[81] http://www.cashadvance-loans.net/
[82] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
[83] http://www.logodesignpros.co.uk/
[84] http://www.logodesignpros.co.uk/
[85] http://www.logodesignpros.co.uk/stationery-design/
[86] http://www.logodesignpros.co.uk/brochures/
[87] http://www.logodesignpros.co.uk/web-designers/
[88] http://www.logodesignpros.co.uk/logodesign/coporatelogodesign.asp
[89] http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/t-Adipex-Medicine.aspx
[90] http://www.cheapsaleshop.net/c-29-jackets.aspx
[91] http://www.professay.com/
[92] http://www.professay.com/?page=research_papers
[93] http://www.onlinecnaclass.com/
[94] http://www.melbournewireless.org.au/?DANFLETT
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